Clinical Science Reviews
Endocrine
Steroid hormones — what each measurement answers and where it stops.
- One Small Draw, the Whole Endocrine Map
The endocrine system is a connected network, yet it is usually tested one hormone at a time. Multiplexed LC-MS/MS and microsampling change what a single specimen can deliver — and the ratios are what read it.
- Unconjugated DHEA and DHEA-Sulfate Are Not Interchangeable
DHEA-S is an inert reservoir; unconjugated DHEA is the receptor-active, intracrine and neuroactive species. Why the two dissociate, and what the sulfate alone cannot answer.
- Androstenedione, Testosterone, and DHT
Testosterone sits in the middle of a metabolic sequence. The ratios between the three androgens encode enzyme activity and androgen source — information a single value cannot carry.
- Estrone and Estradiol Are Not One Number
E1 and E2 are distinct, interconverting estrogens that differ in potency and source. The E2:E1 ratio inverts at menopause and shifts with the route of therapy — and a single value cannot represent either.